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What are the rules of war? And how do they apply to Israel's actions in Gaza?_我的网站

一 |     Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza.

Is Israel bound by the rules of war?

Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.

How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?

Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."

What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?

Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。    8月8日，京津冀体彩中心2025年社会责任报告联合发布仪式顺利举办，这是自2023年以来，京津冀体彩中心第四次联合发布社会责任报告。本次活动聚焦多年来京津冀责任彩票区域协同建设丰硕成果，锚定京津冀协同发展战略纵深推进的关键节点，紧跟“十五五”规划发展指引，开启了京津冀体育彩票高质量发展的全新篇章。发布会现场氛围热烈庄重，特色节目表演率先登场，以极具感染力的文体表演形式传递出公益体彩的温度与活力，赢得现场嘉宾与观众的阵阵掌声。在全场期待的目光中，主题宣传片开始播放，一段段记录着三地体彩人携手同行的影像徐徐展开，带领在场观众共同回望京津冀责任彩票协同建设的暖心历程，正式拉开本次发布活动的帷幕。随后，北京市体育彩票管理中心主任安江红、天津市体育彩票管理中心主任于冬、河北省体育彩票中心主任高东勋共同登台发布京津冀三地2025年社会责任报告。自2023年首次签署《京津冀责任彩票协同发展合作协议》至今，京津冀体彩协同建设已走过三年耕耘之路。三年来，三地体彩中心始终坚持一体化谋划、一体化推进、一体化发展，依托轮流举办发布活动的成熟机制，联动开展责任彩票主题宣传月，常态化开展从业人员培训、业务研讨、队伍互访，构建资源共享、优势互补、协同推进的发展格局。2023年开展京津冀责任彩票主题宣传月，让理性购彩的理念传遍大街小巷、深入人心；2024年开展“京津冀体彩 为中国力量加油”活动，以体彩特色方式为奥运健儿助威，共同见证国家骄傲；2025年三地体彩中心共同见证“多彩天津”地方即开票首发，同年开展京津冀代销者合规销售专项培训，为一线销售队伍筑牢合规根基；2026年刚刚结束的“绿茵不负热爱 体彩安心护航”京津冀世界杯主题责任彩票宣传月活动，将责任体彩的影响力延伸到更多群众喜爱的场景中。发布会现场特别设置京津冀体彩协同发展成果展，琳琅满目的展陈内容全方位呈现了三地责任彩票建设的生动实践：一面面主题展板串联起三年来京津冀体彩携手走过的重要节点，一张张纪实照片定格下责任路上的温暖瞬间，一件件特色周边展现出体育彩票的创新活力。展区内专门摆放了2025年京津冀三地社会责任报告供到场人员自由翻阅，不少到场嘉宾、市民驻足观看展板、翻阅报告并热切交流，沉浸式了解体彩社会责任，真切感受体育彩票在体育事业和社会公益事业发展中发挥的重要作用。京津冀三地体彩中心始终紧跟国家战略步伐，主动将自身发展嵌入区域协同发展的整体布局中，以实际行动响应政策号召、协同共进，把社会责任建设贯穿体彩运营的全流程。三地体彩中心将持续落实京津冀协同发展战略，锚定体育强国建设“十五五”规划目标，完善信息共享、宣传联动、业务共建的协同机制，持续拓展全民健身、民生公益、合规治理等多元协同场景，夯实负责任、可信赖、高质量发展的国家公益彩票建设根基，汇聚三地之力、凝聚公益共识，书写责任体彩的全新答卷。

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